1. the meaning of supply chain finance
traditional supply chain finance refers to the basis of supply chain transactions based on the credit mode of self-reimbursing trade financing based on the use, and introduces the supervision of core enterprises and logistics enterprises, provides closed credit support, and takes other measures to provide the nodes of different supply chains, financial management and other comprehensive financial services. the business modes of traditional supply chain finance are: accounts receivable financing (factoring), confirmed warehouse financing (future title financing), and financing through warehouse (chattel pledge mode).
2. development status of supply chain finance in china
stage 1:
"n 1 m" mode: commercial banks provide financing services to n upstream suppliers or m downstream customers by trusting the core enterprises of the supply chain. the financing service is based on only one of the assets of a single transaction in the upstream and downstream collaboration. in this model, the basis of supply chain finance bank is the core business of credit transfer, which is a completely centralized operation mode of supply chain finance.
stage 2:
supply chain finance is a comprehensive financial business based on supply chain operation. in the supply chain network, key enterprises gradually become the leading enterprise of supply chain finance, which involves the development from "network" to "chain", third-party logistics, regulatory subjects and other related issues. in this model, the focus enterprise is not necessarily the core enterprise, and the supply chain finance gradually forms a decentralized model.
stage 3:
the supply chain finance business ecosystem is gradually taking shape. the focus enterprises are able to integrate various entities in the ecosystem through the internet, and block chain, cloud computing and big data provide technical support for it. with modern information technology, the enterprise supply chain is focused on establishing an integrated financial service platform throughout the chain, across industries and across regions, to collect and collate information and data from all parties, and to provide financing services for the full deployment of potential enterprises. at this time, the supply chain finance business has completely presented a decentralized mode of operation.
at present, most of the business models of supply chain finance in china are still in the stage 1.0 or 2.0, and few can develop to the stage 3.0.
3. problems in the development of supply chain finance business
(1) problems that can be avoided by means of informatization. risks such as trade background authenticity risk, credit risk and logistics supervision risk are all risks caused by information asymmetry among supply chain financial participants, which can be avoided by means of informatization.
(2) problems that cannot be avoided by means of informatization. such as business operation risk, moral hazard these subjective risks can not be avoided through technical means.
4. suggestions on the perfection of supply chain finance model
this supply chain operation system is a decentralized and relatively independent operation system, which integrates electronic contract, block chain, big data, internet of things and other technological means organically. therefore, it combines four processes: business process, information flow, logistics and capital flow. technical means are adopted to ensure the information symmetry of all parties involved in supply chain finance, improve the fairness of trade data, and enhance the risk controllability of the whole process, so as to promote the safe and efficient realization of supply chain finance business.
the operation system of the supply chain does not change the original trade structure of the enterprise. by extracting the core data of the industry, it forms a scenario-based, visual and standardized third-party data service, forms a long-term mechanism of information symmetry among all parties involved in the supply chain finance, and provides risk control and management tools for financial institutions.
first, the application of internet of things technology. in the traditional supply chain finance business development, no matter what kind of mode, effective control of property rights is the key to successful business development. in the traditional supply chain finance business development process, there are also cases of business failure caused by logistics, warehousing and other reasons. application of internet of things technology can solve these problems, we can through the information of sensors, rfid technology, global positioning system (gps), infrared sensor, laser scanner, etc all kinds of equipment and technology, collect any object or process of real-time monitoring, connection or interaction, information collection and need to monitor, connection or interaction, such as sound, light, heat, electricity, mechanics, chemistry, biology, location, etc., and through a variety of possible network - between objects and between objects, objects and people contact - to get everywhere, realizing intelligent perception of objects and processes, identification and management, realize the whole chain management of products from raw materials to consumers, and provide more comprehensive and systematic services for participants with relevant data requirements in the supply chain.
followed by the use of electronic contracts and block chain technology, solve the problem of the management of objects, is to solve the problem of information, in the traditional supply chain finance business, information asymmetry, seriously hindered the business capital suppliers even if want to involved in the supply chain, but also because of industry system, unable to verify authenticity of transaction, thus for the business, block the technical features of the chain is right for us to solve information asymmetry provides a train of thought, decentralization, to trust, to fengxianhua is the three major characteristics of block chain technology, block chain adopts distributed structure, without relying on any central device or institution, distributed billing information quickly recognizes blocks of record, and distributed storage allows each agent to obtain all transaction information and prevent data loss or tampering. the "blockchain" technology uses mathematical principles and algorithms to make the system run open and transparent. users in the system can see all transaction records in the "blockchain" public account books. as long as they read books and trust from the public, they can build trust in the public algorithm. block chain is above has many advantages, but in order to realize the block chain and organic integration of supply chain finance is necessary to realize digital information, so how to realize the digital information, make digital information has good credibility, the electronic contract can solve this problem, we can through the electronic contract will provide legally binding certificates of trade parties, trade (trade contracts, declaration, registration, invoices, account water) and the data, curing witness, to protect the integrity and authenticity of the electronic documents and electronic evidence. in this way, transaction information can be digitized and fair, so as to realize the grafting of block chain and supply chain finance.
source: sina finance and economics